Polish Genealogical Word List
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
The Polish Genealogical Word List contains Polish words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Polish ancestors. If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Polish-English dictionary. See the Additional Resources section below.
Polish is a Slavic language related to Russian and Czech. It is used in genealogical sources throughout Poland. Before 1918, Polish-speaking territories were divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Russian, Latin, or Polish.
- In Russian Poland, Polish was the official language for vital records from 1808 to 1868. From 1868 to 1917, Russian was the official language.
- In German Poland, most records were kept in German or Latin, though some were kept in Polish.
- In Austrian Poland, most records were kept in Latin. Some records were kept in German and some in Polish.
Polish is also used in the records kept in some Polish communities in the United States.
Polish records often contain Latin and German words. See the German Genealogical Word List, and the Latin Genealogical Word List.
Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]
Aa Ąą Bb Cc Ćć Dd Ee Ęę Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Łł Mm Nn Ńń Oo Óó Pp Rr Ss Śś Tt Uu Ww Yy Zz Źź Żż
The letters q, v and x are also used, but only for foreign names or words.
Language Aids[edit | edit source]
The Family History Library has genealogical word lists for Polish (34098), German (34067), and Latin (34077). The following books and English-Polish dictionaries can also aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries:
Kierst, W. English-Polish/Polish-English Dictionary. New York, New York: Saphograph Co., 1956. (FHL book 491.85321 K847e.)
Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Practical Polish-English, English-Polish Dictionary. New York, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1985. (FHL book 491.85321P751p.)
SŁOWNIK JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO -- Polish language dictionary (online)
Wielki słownik języka polskiego - polish dictionary (online) **must use diacritics!**
Another valuable research tool for reading records of the former Russian territories of Poland is:
Frazin, Judith R. A Translation Guide to the 19-century Polish-language Civil-registration Documents: (Birth, Marriage and Death Records). 2nd ed. Northbrook, Illinois: The Jewish Genealogical Society of Illinois, 1989. (FHL book 943.8 V27.) This book is now online at Google Books: A Translation Guide to 19th-century Polish-language Civil Registration.
To read the Russian language records of this same area after 1868 use: books.google.de/books
Shea, Jonathan D. Russian Language Documents from Russian Poland: a Translation Manual for Genealogists. 2nd ed. Buffalo Grove, Illinois: Genun, 1989. (FHL book 943.8 D27.)
The Polish Genealogical Word List published by the Family History Library is available at FamilySearch:Research Helps.
Learning: Polish Language, Common Word Translations is available online.
Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Polish words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe them must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings, for example:
stary mąż-- old man
stara kobieta-- old woman
stare miasto-- old city
The endings of past tense verbs also change depending on the gender of the person or thing being described or performing the action. For example:
umarł -- he died
umarła-- she died
umarło-- it [the child] died
Variant Forms of Words[edit | edit source]
In Polish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries-married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Polish any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Polish word. As you read Polish records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage.
The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list. For example, the document may use the word starego (old), but you will find it in this word list as stary (old).
Certain endings, called genitive, give the meaning "of" to a word. The following endings are typical:
Nouns Endings Adjectives
-a (masculine) -ego
-y or -i (feminine) -ej
-ów (plural) -ich or -ych
Thus, ojciec zmarłego means "father of the deceased."
Plural forms of Polish words usually change the singular word as follows:
Words ending in -a change to -y
Words ending in -o change to -a
A -y or -i is added to form the plural
The plural form may change the basic word, for example:
Singular | Plural |
miasto =city | miasta= cities |
powiat =district | powiaty =districts |
brat= brother | bracia =brothers |
żona=wife | żony=wives |
Polish Grammar[edit | edit source]
The Polish language is highly inflective. This means that words may have different grammatical endings, depending on their usage. Personal names and name of places, like other words, are inflected. Polish has six grammatical inflections, called cases, only four of which are commonly encountered in Napoleonic records.
- Nominative case: This is the standard, non-inflected form as would be used on genealogical forms or as would be found on a map.
- Genitive case: This is the possessive case, meaning “of.” Example: John’s child, the child of John. Generally, it is an –a ending on male names and a –y ending on female names.
- Instrumental case: this case is most often used with the preposition między, meaning “with.” It is commonly seen in marriage records. Generally, it is an –m ending on male names and an –a ending on female names.
- Prepositional case: This case is most often used with place names, especially in connection with the preposition w, meaning “in.” There are many different prepositional endings, depending on the nature of the standard nominative ending of the place name. It is best to check a gazetteer or map to determine the nominative form.
For more detailed information about Polish grammar and additional examples of Polish grammar in genealogical documents, see the Polish Paleography Seminar Handout - Grammar overview.
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
This word list includes words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Polish-English dictionary. Several Polish-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 491.85321. See Poland Encyclopedias and Dictionaries.
The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers:
Stanisławski, Jan. English-Polish and Polish-English Dictionary. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: David McKay, 1946. (FHL film 1,045,473, item 1)
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
POLISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES
Other dictionaries and language helps, such as Polish grammar books, are listed in the Locality section under:
POLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES
Key Words[edit | edit source]
To find and use specific types of Polish records, you will need to know some key words in Polish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Polish words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Polish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used to indicate marriage.
English | Polish |
birth | urodzin, urodzony, urodził się, zrodzony |
burial | pochówek, pochowanie, pogrzeb |
Catholic | rzymsko-katolicki |
child | dziecię, dziecko |
christening | chrzest, chrzciny, ochrzczone |
death(s) | zgon(ów), zejść, umarł, zmarł, śmierci |
father | ojciec |
husband | mąż, małżonek |
index | indeks, skorowidz, rejestr, spis |
Jewish | żydowski, starozakonny, izraelici, mojżeszowy |
marriage | małżeństw(o), ślub(ów), zaślubionych |
marriage banns | zapowiedzi |
mother | matka |
name, given | imię, imion |
name, surname | nazwisko |
parents | rodzice |
parish | parafia |
Protestant | ewangelicki, reformowany, protestancki, luterański |
wife | żona, małżonka, zamężna, kobieta |
year | rok, lat |
Numbers[edit | edit source]
In many genealogical records, numbers— especially dates—are spelled out. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) numbers. Dates are written in ordinal form. Because dates are formed using the genitive case, ordinal numbers usually end with -ego, for example:
pierwszy | the first |
pierwszego | on the first (of the month) |
Cardinal | Ordinal | Ordinal in genitive case | ||
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 |
jeden, jedna dwa trzy cztery pięć sześć siedem osiem dziewięć dziesięć jedenaście dwanaście trzynaście czternaście piętnaście szesnaście siedemnaście osiemnaście dziewiętnaście dwadzieścia dwadzieścia jeden dwadzieścia dwa dwadzieścia trzy dwadzieścia cztery dwadzieścia pięć dwadzieścia sześć dwadzieścia siedem dwadzieścia osiem dwadzieścia dziewięć trzydzieści czterdzieści pięćdziesiąt sześć dziesiąt siedemdziesiąt osiemdziesiąt dziewiecdziesiąt sto dwieście trzysta czterysta pięćset sześćset siedemset osiemset dziewięćset tysiąc |
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 200th 300th 400th 500th 600th 700th 800th 900th 1000th |
pierwszy drugi trzeci czwarty piąty szósty siódmy ósmy dziewiąty dziesiąty jedenasty dwunasty trzynasty czternasty piętnasty szesnasty siedemnasty osiemnasty dziewiętnasty dwudziesty, dwódziesty dwudziesty pierwszy dwudziesty drugi dwudziesty trzeci dwudziesty czwarty dwudziesty piąty dwudziesty szósty dwudziesty siódmy dwudziesty ósmy dwudziesty dziewiąty trzydziesty czterdziesty pięćdziesiąty sześćdziesiąty siedemdziesiąty osiemdziesiąty dziewięćdziesiąty setny dwóchsetny trzysetny, trzechsetny czterysetny, czterechsetny pięćsetny sześćsetny siedemsetny osiemsetny dziewięćsetny tysięczny |
pierwszego drugiego trzeciego czwartego piątego szóstego siódmego ósmego dziewiątego dziesiątego jedenastego dwunastego trzynastego czternastego piętnastego szesnastego siedemnastego osiemnastego dziewiętnastego dwudziestego, dwódziestego dwudziestego pierwszego dwudziestego drugiego dwudziestego trzeciego dwudziestego czwartego dwudziestego piątego dwudziestego szóstego dwudziestego siódmego dwudziestego ósmego dwudziestego dziewiątego trzydziestego czterdziestego pięćdziesiątego sześćdziesiątego siedemdziesiątego osiemdziesiątego dziewięćdziesiątego setnego dwóchsetnego trzysetnego, trzechsetnego czterysetnego, czterechsetnego pięćsetnego sześćsetnego siedemsetnego osiemsetnego dziewięćsetnego tysięcznego |
Dates and Time[edit | edit source]
In Polish records, dates are usually written out, for example:
- roku tysiąc osemset trzydziestego szóstego dnia dwódziestego trzeciego marca [in the year one thousand eight hundredth thirtieth and sixth on the day twentieth third of March (23 March 1836] In some records, two dates are recorded:
- dnia piątego/siedemnastego Maja [on the day 5th/17th of May] The two dates are usually 12 days apart. The first date is based on the Julian calendar (used by the Russian Empire). The second date is based on the present-day Gregorian calendar.
To understand Polish dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.
Months[edit | edit source]
Polish often abbreviates dates by using a Roman numeral for the month. For example, 13 June 1864 could be written as 13.VI.1864 instead of 13.czerwca.1864. When dates are written out, months are in the genitive case.
English | Polish | Polish (genitive case) | |
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII VIII. IX X. XI. XII. |
January February March April May June July August September October November December |
styczeń luty marzec kwiecień maj czerwiec lipiec sierpień wrzesień październik listopad grudzień |
stycznia lutego marca kwietnia maja czerwca lipca sierpnia września października listopada grudnia |
Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
English Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday |
Polish niedziela poniedzialek wtorek środa czwartek piątek sobota |
Times of the Day[edit | edit source]
Polish birth and death records often indicate the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
Polish rano/z rana przed południem południe/w południe popołudniu/z południa o godzinie drugiej o godzinie siódmej wieczorem/w wieczór w nocy północna godzina |
English in the morning forenoon noon afternoon at the 2nd hour at the 7th hour in the evening at night midnight |
General Word List[edit | edit source]
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in the separate sections prior to this list.
In this list, optional versions of Polish words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses. Some Polish phrases and their translations are listed [in brackets] under the most significant Polish word, not the first word, of the phrase. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition.
|
A[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
aby | so that |
adoptowany | adopted |
akatolicki | non-Catholic |
akta małżenstw, akta ślubów | marriage records |
akta urodzin | birth records |
akta zapowiedzi | banns records |
akta zejść | death records |
akta zgonów | death records |
akuszerka | midwife |
albo | or |
ale | but |
aptekarz | dispensing chemist, pharmacist |
archiwum | archive |
arendarz | lease-holder, innkeeper |
artysta | artist |
asystencya | assistance |
austriacki | Austrian |
Words starting with: |
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B[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
babka | grandmother |
bakalarz | teacher, bachelor |
bałtycki | Baltic |
bankier | banker |
będą | they will |
będzie | he/she/it will |
belfer | assistant melamed (teacher) in a Cheder (Hebrew elementary school) |
bez | without |
bezdzietny | childless |
bezimienny | unnamed, nameless |
bezżenny | unmarried |
białoruski | Belorussian |
biały | white |
biegunka | diarrhea, dysentery |
bierzmowanie | confirmation |
bieżący roku bieżącego |
current of the current year |
biskup | bishop |
blacharz | plumber, tinker, or tinsmith |
bliski | near |
bliżnięta | twins |
błogosławil | blessed |
błogosławiony | blessed, the late |
bo | because |
Bóg | the Lord |
bólu | of pain |
bożnica | synagogue |
Boży | the Lord's |
bracia | brothers |
brak | lack of, is missing |
brat | brother |
bratanek | nephew |
bratanica | niece |
bratowa | sister-in-law |
browarnik | brewer |
brukarz | paver |
brzemienna | pregnant |
bufetowy | bartender |
burmistrz | mayor |
być | to be |
był (byłi) | was (were) |
Words starting with: |
---|
C[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
cały | entire |
ceglarz | brick maker |
cesarski | imperial |
cesarstwo | empire |
chałupnik, chałupnikow |
cottager, poor peasant, serf, of serfs |
chce | he wants |
chłop | peasant, country fellow |
chłopiec | boy |
choroba | disease |
chrzczony | christened |
chrzest | christening |
chrzestna, chrzestny | godparent(s) |
chwilowo | temporarily |
ciocia (ciotka) | aunt |
cmentarz | cemetery, churchyard |
co | what |
córka | daughter |
cudzoziemski | foreign |
cukrzyca | diabetes |
cyrkul | district (of a city), ward |
cyrulnik | barber-surgeon |
czarny | black |
czas | time |
czasopismo | magazine, periodical |
czasowo | temporarily |
czemu | why |
czerwca | of June |
czerwony | red |
część | part, portion |
czeski | Czech |
często | often |
członek | member |
czterdzieści | forty |
czterdziesty | fortieth |
czterechsetny | four hundredth |
czternaście | fourteen |
czternasty | fourteenth |
cztery | four |
czterysetny | four hundredth |
czterysta | four hundred |
czwartek | Thursday |
czwarty | fourth |
czy | whether (introduces a question) |
czyli | or |
czynszownik | renter |
Words starting with: |
---|
D[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
data | date |
dawniej | formerly |
dekanat | deanery, division of a diocese |
diecezja | diocese |
difteria | diphtheria |
dla | for |
długi | long |
dnia | on the day |
doba | time period of 24 hours |
dobra | estate |
dobry | good |
dodatek | supplement, addition |
dolina | valley |
dom [z domu] |
house [maiden name, from the house of] |
datąd | until now, still |
dowód | proof |
drobny | minor, small |
drugi | second |
drugiego | on the second |
drzewo genealogiczne | family tree |
duży | great, big |
dwa | two |
dwadzieścia | tewnty |
dwadzieścia dziewięć | twenty-nine |
dwadzieścia cztery | twenty-four |
dwadzieścia dwa | twenty-two |
dwadzieścia jeden | twenty-one |
dwadzieścia osiem | twenty-eight |
dwadzieścia pięć | twenty-five |
dwadzieścia siedem | twenty-seven |
dwadzieścia sześć | twenty-six |
dwadzieścia trzy | twenty-three |
dwanaście | twelve |
dwieście | two hundred |
dwóch imion | having two given names |
dwódziesty | twentieth |
dwór | estate |
dwudziesty | twentieth |
dwudziesty czwarty | twenty-fourth |
dwudziesty drugi | twenty-second |
dwudziesty ósmy | twenty-eighth |
dwudziesty piąty | twenty-fifth |
dwudziesty pierwszy | twenty-first |
dwudziesty siódmy | twenty-seventh |
dwudziesty szósty | twenty-sixth |
dwudziesty trzeci | twenty-third |
dwunasty | twelfth |
dwusetny (dwóchsetny) | two hundredth |
dyarya | diarrhea |
dziad (dziadek) | grandfather, old man, beggar |
Dziad kościelny | Church grandfather, church servant, watchman, minister |
dział | portion, share |
dzieciątko | infant |
dzieci dziecię (dziecko) |
children child |
dziedzic | heir, country gentleman |
dziedzictwo | heritage, inheritance |
dziedzieczenie | inheritance |
dzień | day |
dziesiąty | tenth |
dziesięć | ten |
dziewczę (dziewczyna) | girl |
dziewiąty | ninth |
dziewię dziewiąty | twenty-ninth |
dziewięć | nine |
dziewięćdziesiąt(y) | ninety (ninetieth) |
dziewięćset(ny) | nine hundred(th) |
dziewiętnaście | nineteen |
dziewiętnasty | nineteenth |
dziś (dzisiaj) | today |
dzisiejszy | today's |
Words starting with: |
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E[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
emigracja | emigration |
ewangelicki | Evangelical, Lutheran |
Words starting with: |
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F[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
familia | family |
farbiarz | dyer |
febra | fever |
felczer | medical assistant |
folwark | manor farm |
fornal | farm wagon driver |
fryzjer | barber |
Words starting with: |
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G[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
gajowy | gamekeeper, forester |
garbarz | tanner |
gdy | when |
gdzie | where |
glisty | intestinal worms |
glówny | main |
gmina | township, community |
godny | worthy |
godzina | hour |
golarz | barber |
góra | mountain, hill |
gorączka | fever |
górny | upper |
gorzelnia | distillery |
gospodarz | farmer (self-sustaining) |
granica | border |
grecko-katolicki | Greek-Catholic, Uniate (Greek rite, but under a Roman Pope) |
gromada | group, cluster, hamlet, community |
grudnia | of December |
grunt | land, property |
gubernia | Russian province |
Words starting with: |
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H[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
handlarz | peddler, merchant |
herb | coat of arms |
historia | history |
Words starting with: |
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I[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
i | and |
ich | their |
imię (imiona) | given name(s) |
imigracja | immigration |
inaczej | otherwise, alias |
inny | other |
itd. | and so forth |
iż | that (know that he died) |
izraelici | Jews |
Words starting with: |
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J[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
jak | how, as |
jak duzo | as much |
jaki | what kind of |
jeden | one |
jedenaście | eleven |
jedenasty | eleventh |
jedna | one |
jednak | but |
jego | his |
jej | her |
jest | is |
jesteście | you are |
jesteśmy | we are |
jeszcze | still, yet |
jezioro | lake |
język | language |
jutro | morning, tomorrow |
już | already |
Words starting with: |
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K[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
karczmarz | innkeeper |
karta | page |
kaszel | cough |
katolicki | Catholic |
kawaler | bachelor |
każdy | each, every |
kiedy | when |
kilometr | kilometer |
kobieta | woman, wife |
kogo | whom |
kolek | convulsions |
kolki | colic |
kolonista | colonist, settler |
kominiarz | chimney sweep |
komornik | tenant, poor peasant |
końcowy | final, last |
konfirmacja | confirmation |
koniec | end |
konsumpcja ciała | consumption, tuberculosis |
konto | account |
konwulsje | convulsions |
korcarz | grain merchant |
kościół | church |
kowal | smith |
kraj | region, area, country |
krajowy | local |
kramarz | stall keeper, merchant |
krawiec | tailor |
krewny | blood-relative |
król | king |
królestwo | kingdom |
królewski | royal |
krolowa | queen |
krwotek | bleeding, hemorrhage |
ksiądz | priest |
księga | book |
księstwo | principality, duchy |
kto | who |
który | which, who |
kum | godfather |
kuma | godmother |
kunszt | trade, occupation |
kupiec | shopkeeper, merchant |
kupił | he bought |
kuzyn | cousin (male) |
kuzynka | cousin (female) |
kwartał | quarter (of a year or city) |
kwietnia | of April |
Words starting with: |
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L[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
łacisński | Latin |
las | forest, woods |
lata | years |
lecz | but |
lesnik | forester |
lewy | left |
liczący | counting |
[lat ... liczący] | [... years old] |
linia | line, lineage |
lipca | of July |
listopada | of November |
litewski | Lithuanian |
łotewski | Latvian |
łoże | status of legitimacy, bed |
[nieprawego loza] | [illegitimate] |
lub | or |
lud | people |
ludność | population |
lutego | of February |
Words starting with: |
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M[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
ma | has |
macocha | stepmother |
mączarz | miller |
madziarski | Hungarian |
maja | of May |
mają | they have |
mający | having |
[lat ... mający] | [... years old] |
majątek | property |
majętny | wealthy, property-owning |
majster | master craftsman |
malarz | painter |
małoletni | not of legal age |
mały | small, little |
małżenstwo | marriage |
małżonek | husband |
małżonka | wife |
małżonków | of the married couple |
[małżonków Kowalskich] | [ the Kowalski married couple] |
mapa | map |
marca | of March |
martwo urodzony | stillborn |
matka | mother |
mąż | husband, man |
menonici | Mennonites |
męski | male |
metryka | certificate, record |
męża | of the husband |
miał | he had |
miano | name |
mianowicie | that means, namely |
miasteczko | small town |
miasto | city |
mieć | to have |
między | between |
miejsce | place, locality |
miejscowość | locality |
mieście | town |
miesiąc | month |
mieszkający | residing |
mieszkanie | residence |
mieszkaniec | inhabitant, resident, citizen |
mleczarz | dairyman |
młodszy | younger |
młody | young |
[pan młody] | [bridegroom] |
[panna młoda] | [bride] |
mlodzian (młodziniec) | young man |
młyn | mill |
młynarz | miller |
mniejszy | lesser, smaller, shorter |
modlitwa | prayer |
[dom modlitwy] | [house of prayer, synagogue] |
mojzeszowy | Jewish |
mórg | morg (1.2 acres) |
most | bridge |
może | maybe |
mumoze | to him |
mularz, murarz | mason (bricklayer) |
mylnie | mistakenly, erroneously |
myś liwy | hunter |
Words starting with: |
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N[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
na | on, at, around |
nad | above, upon |
nadać | to give |
nadane | was given |
najemnik | day laborer |
najmlodszy | youngest |
najstarszy | oldest, eldest |
należał | belonged to |
należy | belongs |
nam | to us |
naocznie | by eyewitness |
naoczny świadek | eyewitness |
naprzód | in front of |
narodzony | born |
narzeczona | betrothed, bride |
narzeczony | betrothed, groom |
nas | us |
następny | next |
nasz | our |
na teraz | temporarily |
naturalny | illegitimate |
natychmiast | immediately |
nauczyciel | schoolteacher, teacher |
nawiązanie | reference |
nazwana | named |
nazwisko | surname |
nerwowa gorączka | typhoid fever |
nic | nothing |
nich | them |
nie | not, no |
niedaleko | not far from |
niedziela | Sunday, week |
niegdy (niegdyś) | deceased, former, the late |
niemiecki | German |
niemowlę | infant |
niepiełnoletni | not of legal age, minor |
nieprawy | illegitimate |
nieślubny | unmarried, illegitimate |
nie teraz | not yet |
niewiadomy | unknown |
niezamężna | unmarried woman |
nieznajomy | unknown |
nieżonaty | unmarried man |
nieżyący | deceased, not living |
nigdy | never |
nim | him |
niniejszy | this, the present |
niski | low, short |
niższy | lower |
noc | night |
nowozaśubiona | newlywed bride |
nowozaślubiony | newlywed groom |
nowożeńcy | newlyweds |
nowy | new |
numer | number |
Words starting with: |
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O[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
o | about, concerning |
ob. | see |
obecność | presence |
oberżysta | tavern keeper |
obrzęd | rite, ceremony |
obrzezanie | circumcision |
obszar | area |
obydwaj | both |
obywatel | inhabitant, citizen |
ochrzczony | christened, baptized |
od | from, since |
odbyty | performed |
odmienny | various |
odpowiadać | to reply |
odra | measles |
odwrócenie | conversion |
oglasał | announced, published |
ogrodnik | poor peasant, crofter, gardener |
ojciec | father |
ojczym | stepfather |
okazał | showed |
około | about, around |
okręg | precinct, district |
okupnik | local resident |
olejów | of oil |
on | he |
ona | she |
onegdajszy | day before yesterday |
oni | they |
opatrzony | provided |
opiekun | guardian |
opis | description |
opłata | fee, cost |
opuchlizna | dropsy, edema, swelling |
oraz | and, also |
osada | large settlement |
osiadły | settled (at), residing (at) |
osiem | eight |
osiemdziesiąt(y) | eighty (eightieth) |
osiemnaście | eighteen |
osiemnasty | eighteenth |
osiemset(ny) | eight hundred(th) |
osłabienie | weakness |
ósmy | eighth |
osoba | person |
ospa | of smallpox |
ostatni | last, recent |
oświadczenie | statement |
oświadczył | declared, testified |
otrzymał | received |
owczarz | shepherd |
owdowiałla | widowed |
owdowiały | widower |
ozenił sie | married a wife |
ożeniony | married |
Words starting with: |
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P[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
pan | sir, Mr., Lord |
pani | lady, Mrs. |
panna | maiden, Miss |
pański | Lord's |
[roku pańskiego] | [in the year of our Lord] |
państwowy | state, of the state |
parafia | parish |
parobek | farmworker |
pasierb | stepchild |
pasterz | herdsman |
października | of October |
pełnoletność | age of consent, legal age |
piątek | Friday |
piąty | fifth |
pięć | five |
pięćdziesiąt(y) | fifty (fiftieth) |
pięćset(ny) | five hundred(th) |
piekarz | baker |
pierwszego | on the first |
pierwszy | first |
piętnaście | fifteen |
piętnasty | fifteenth |
pisać | to write |
pismo | letter, correspondence |
płci męskiej | male |
płci żeńskiej | female |
płeć | gender, sex |
po | after |
pochowanie | burial |
pod | under |
podatek | tax |
podług | according to |
podobny | similar |
podpis | signature |
podpisany | signed |
podrzutek | foundling |
podwójny | duplicate |
pogrzeb | burial |
pogrzebany | buried |
pól | half |
pólnoc | midnight, north |
połóg | childbirth, labor |
polski | Polish |
południe | noon, south |
pomorski | Pomeranian |
poniedziałek | Monday |
ponieważ | because |
poprzedni | previous |
poprzedzil | preceded |
posiada | has, is in possession of |
poślubił | married |
poszukiwanie | research, search of |
potem | after |
potok | stream |
pow. (powiat) | district |
powinowaty | relative |
powyższe | previously mentioned |
pozostały | left behind, surviving |
pozostawi | left behind, was survived by |
pozwolenieł | permission |
prababa (prababka) | great-grandmother |
pracowity | diligent, hard-working |
pradziadek | great-grandfather |
prawdopodobnie | in all likelihood, probably |
prawego łoża | legitimate |
prawny | legal |
prawo | law, right |
prawosławny | orthodox |
prawowity | legitimate |
prawy | right, true |
proboszcz | parish priest |
prośba | request |
prosimy | we request |
protestancki | Protestant |
pruski | Prussian |
przed | in front of, before |
przedtem | before |
przekonal | convinced |
przesłany | sent |
przeszły | preceding |
[roku przeszlłego] | [of the preceding year] |
przez | by |
przodem | before |
przodków | of ancestors |
przy | by, with, during |
przyczyna | cause, reason |
przyjaciel | friend |
przypadek | circumstance, occurrence, case |
[z bojazni przypadku] | [for fear of the circumstance (i.e., emergency baptism)] |
przyrodni | step-, half-, (as in stepbrother, half brother) |
przytomność | presence |
przyzwolenie | consent |
puchlina | dropsy, edema, swelling |
Words starting with: |
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R[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
r. (roku) | in the year |
rabin | rabbi |
rak | cancer |
rano | in the morning |
raz | once, time |
[drugi raz] | [second time] |
razem | together |
reformowany | Reformed Protestant, Calvinist |
religia | religion |
religijny | religious, of the church |
robotnik | worker |
rocznik | yearbook |
roczny | annual |
ród | family, clan, descent |
rodowód | genealogy, pedigree |
rodzeństwo | sibling |
rodzice | parents |
rodzice chrzestni | godparents |
rodzina | family |
rok | year |
rolnik | tenant farmer, husbandman, farmer |
rosyjski | Russian |
również | also, too |
rozwiedziony | divorced |
rozwód | divorce |
ruski | Russian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian |
rybak | fisherman |
rynek | marketplace |
rządowy | governmental |
rzeka | river |
rzezak, rzeźnik | butcher, circumciser (mohel) |
rzymsko-katolicki | Roman Catholic |
Words starting with: |
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S[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
są | they are |
sąd | court |
samy | same |
sąsiad | neighbor |
setny | one hundredth |
się | self |
siedem | seven |
siedemdziesiat | seventy |
siedemnaście | seventeen |
siedemnasty | seventeenth |
siedemset(ny) | seven hundred(th) |
sierota | orphan |
sierpnia | of August |
siódmy | seventh |
sioło | village |
siostra | sister |
siostrzenica | niece |
siostrzeniec | nephew |
składał | submitted, presented |
skończył | completed |
skorowidz | index |
skurcze | cramps |
skutek | cause |
słabość | weakness, sickness |
słaby | weak |
śląski | Silesian |
sławetny | renowned |
slawny | famous |
słowacki | Slovak |
słownik | dictionary |
ślub | marriage, wedding |
ślubny | married, wedded, legitimate |
sługa | servant |
służąca | servant girl |
służący | serving |
śmierć | death |
snać | perhaps |
sobie | self |
sobota | Saturday |
spażenie | burn |
spis | list, census, index |
spłodzone | begotten, born |
społeczeństwo | society |
sprzedarz | merchant, dealer |
średni | central, middle, average |
środa | Wednesday |
środek | middle |
stan | status, condition |
starość | old age |
starosta | perfect |
starozakonny | Jew (Orthodox) |
starszy | older, elder |
stary | old |
stawiający się | the one presenting himself |
stawił się | presented himself, appeared |
stelmach | cart maker, wheel maker |
sto | hundred |
stolarz | cabinetmaker |
stolica | capital city |
strona | page |
stryj | uncle (paternal) |
stulecie | century |
stycznia | of January |
suchoty | consumption, tuberculosis |
sukiennik | cloth-maker |
swiadectwo | certificate |
świadek | witness |
swięty | holy |
swój (swego) | his, her own |
swója (swojei) | his, her own |
syn | son |
synagoga | synagogue |
synowa | daughter-in-law |
synowie | sons |
sześć | six |
sześćdziesąit(y) | sixty (sixtieth) |
sześćset(ny) | six hundred(th) |
szesnaście | sixteen |
szesnasty | sixteenth |
szewc | shoemaker |
szkarlatyna | scarlet fever |
szkoła | school |
szkolnik | rabbi's assistant, teacher |
szlachecki (szlachety) | noble |
szlachta | nobility |
szlub | see slub |
szósty | sixth |
szwagier | brother-in-law |
szwagierka | sister-in-law |
szynkarz | tavern keeper |
Words starting with: |
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T[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
t. (tom) | volume |
taki | such as |
także | also |
tam | there |
tamowanie | opposition, objection |
tamtejszy | of that place |
tamże | in the same place |
targownik | peddler |
tego (tegoż) | this, the same |
tej (tejże) | this, the same |
ten (ta, też) | this, the same |
teść | father-in-law |
tężec | tetanus |
tkacz | weaver |
to | it, this |
tom | volume |
towarzystwo | society |
trudniący się | earning a living |
trzeci | third |
trzy | three |
trzydzieści | thirty |
trzydziesty | thirtieth |
trzymał | held, kept |
[trzymał do chrztu] | [stood as godparents] |
trzynaście | thirteen |
trzynasty | thirteenth |
trzysetny (trzechsetny) | three hundredth |
trzysta | three hundred |
tu | here |
tudzież | also, likewise |
tutaj | here |
tutejszy | of this place |
twierdza | fortress |
tydzień | week |
tygodnie | weeks |
tylko | only |
tysiąc | thousand |
tysięczny | one thousandth |
tytuł | title, name |
Words starting with: |
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U[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
ubogi | poor |
ukraijnski | Ukrainian |
ul. (ulica) | street, road |
umarł | died |
umieją | they know how |
umowa | contract, agreement |
umrzeć | to die |
uprzejmie | politely |
urodzenie | birth |
urodził się | was born |
urodzin | of births |
urodzony | born, wellborn (noble) |
urząd | office |
urząd stanu cywilnego | civil registration office |
urzędnik | registrar, officer, clerk |
ustny | verbal, oral |
utrzymajacy się | supporting self (by) |
uwagi | remarks |
Words starting with: |
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W[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
w | in |
w. (wieku) | century |
waleczny | courageous, gallant |
was | you |
wasz | your |
wcześnie | early |
wczoraj | yesterday |
wczorajszy | yesterday's |
wdowa | widow |
[wdowa po Józefie] | [widow of Józef] |
wdowiec | widower |
we | in |
według | according to |
węgierski | Hungarian |
wiadomo | it is known |
wiadomość | knowledge |
wiadomy | known |
wieczorem | in the evening |
wiek | age, century |
wielki | great, large |
wielmożny | powerful noble, magnate |
wielu | many, much |
wierzchni | upper |
wieś | village |
wikarjusz (wikary) | vicar, priest |
wiorst (wierst) | a measurement of distance (1067 meters) |
wioska | little village |
właściciel | proprietor, owner |
włóka | 30 morgs (36 acres) |
włościanin | peasant |
włoski | Italian |
wnuczek | grandson |
wnuczka | granddaughter |
wnuk | grandchild |
woda | water |
wodna puchlina | dropsy, edema |
wojenny | military |
województwo | province |
wojskowy | military |
wolny | free, not a serf, unmarried |
wraz | together with, with |
września | of September |
wschód | east |
wsi | of the village |
wśród | in the midst of |
wśtępnie | initially, temporarily |
wszakże | but |
wszystko | all |
wtedy | at that time |
wtorek | Tuesday |
wuj (wujek) | uncle (maternal) |
wyciąg | extract |
wydany | published |
wykonał | performed, did, accomplished |
wyrażenie | statement |
wyrobnik | dayworker, laborer |
wysoki | high |
wyznania | religion |
wyższy | upper |
wzgórze | hill |
wzmianki | remarks |
Words starting with: |
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X[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
xiądz | priest |
xięga | book |
Words starting with: |
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Z[edit | edit source]
Polish | English |
---|---|
z | with, from |
[z (Surname +ending)] | [maiden name] |
za | to |
zachód | west |
żaden (żadna) | none |
żadna | none |
zagrodnik | peasant, farmer who has his farmhouse |
zamek | palace, castle |
zamężna | wife, a married woman, married |
zamieszkały | residing at |
zamieszkanie | residence |
zapalenie płuc | pneumonia |
zapowiedź | marriage proclamations, banns |
zaręczona | engaged |
zaręczyny | engagement, betrothal |
zarwarli | they agreed |
zarząd | administration |
zaślubiać | to marry |
zaślubiony | married |
zaślużony | in servitude, serf |
zastępca | assistance |
zaszło | happened, occurred |
zatem | then, therefore |
zatrudnienie | occupation, profession |
zawarli | they agreed, contracted |
zawarte | agreed |
zawartość | content |
zawarty | agreed, contracted |
zawód | occupation, profession |
zawsze | always |
zdrój | spring, spa |
że | with, from |
[ze (surname+ending)] | [maiden name] |
ze | that (know that he died) |
żebrak | beggar |
zejść | death |
żeńska | female |
zeszły | preceding |
zezwolenie (zgoda) | permission |
zgon | death |
zgromadzony | gathered, collected |
zięć | son-in-law |
zielony | green |
ziemia | earth |
złoty | gold, unit of money |
zmarł | died, deceased |
zniszczenie | destruction |
znowu | again |
zobacz | see |
żołnierz | soldier |
żona | wife |
zostający | residing, staying |
został | was, accomplished, remained, left |
zostawił | left behind |
zrobiony | written (in a document) |
zrodzony | born |
zwany | called, known as |
zwrot | application, remark |
życie | life, age |
życzenie | desire, wish |
żydowski | Jewish |
żyjący | living |
Words starting with: |
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